Estudio de deformación del bulbo en buques pesqueros de GFRP modificado viscoelásticamente

Abstract

Spherical shells are critical structures in marine applications due to their susceptibility to structural failures under external pressure. In the case of GFRP lamination defects, especially in artisanal construction, pose a significant challenge. This study aims to implement viscoelastic materials in bow bulbs to improve structural resistance, reduce deformation, and optimize fuel consumption, thereby enhancing vessels operability. Five spherical GFRP shells were constructed, three of which included viscoelastic modifications, and subjected to compression testes. The analyses included biaxial stresses, local deformation, and membrane forces. The results showed that the modified shell with viscoelastic material endured higher circumferential stresses with less deformation, attributed to the viscoelastic influence and fewer geometric and lamination imperfections. It is concluded that the use of viscoelastic materials in GFRP increases deformation capacity while supporting greater loads before structural failure. However, minimizing imperfection during fabrication is essential to maximize performance. This approach promotes more efficient, durable, and economically sustainable vessels. Keywords: Deformations, Buckling, Spherical Shell, Viscoelastic Materials.