Entorno en realidad virtual de entrenamiento médico inmersivo con seguimiento de manos y respuesta háptica

Abstract

This paper develops a technological proposal to address the deficiencies in medical training, which faces limitations in access to clinical equipment and practical experiences, generating risks in skill acquisition and contributing to medical errors. The central objective is to design a medical virtual reality environment that combines hand tracking and haptic feedback to improve the dexterity of healthcare personnel, justifying this by the increase in malpractice complaints in Ecuador. A system was developed integrating specialized hardware and software. Unity with XR Interaction Toolkit libraries was used to create immersive medical scenarios with hand tracking, and a haptic glove was built using Arduino Nano, LRA linear actuators, and a multiplexer. Wireless communication was programmed, establishing vibration patterns to simulate heartbeats. The system achieved a latency of 33 ms, a glove weight of 210 g, and a battery life of over 10 hours. Scenarios were implemented, including a menu, a palpation room with cardiac models beating at 45, 60, and 120 bpm, anatomical areas, and an operating room. The system meets the objectives, demonstrating technical feasibility for improving practical skills retention. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional simulators, confirming cost-effectiveness and scalability for medical expansions. Keywords: Haptic feedback, Hand tracking, Medical education, Arduino, Unity