Diseño y prototipo de localizador electrónico con geolocalización para controlar rutas de delivery en urbanizaciones

Abstract

The issue of insecurity in gated communities within Zone 8 of Ecuador has highlighted deficiencies in traditional access control systems, resulting in incidents of theft and significant economic losses. In this context, a prototype of an electronic locator was developed, integrating geolocation and low-power networks, with automated alerts for monitoring delivery routes within residential complexes. This prototype was implemented using ESP32 microcontrollers with LoRa communication for point-to-point data transmission, integrated with a Neo-6M GPS module, an electromagnet, and a magnetic sensor. For data reception, a LoRa receiver node connected to an MQTT broker was employed. A local server was implemented in FastAPI with MQTT reception, along with a web dashboard developed using Leaflet and Tailwind, enabling real-time visualization of the system’s location and alerts. In addition, a bracelet-type casing was designed and modeled in Autodesk Inventor. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the system to consistently transmit positional data and generate alerts in cases of route deviations or device tampering. Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed system represents a viable, scalable, and cost-effective alternative compared to commercial solutions. Keywords: geolocation, LoRa, IoT, gated communities, electronic security.