Uso de microorganismos endófitos como estrategia de biocontrol para enfermedades de Theobroma cacao: avances y perspectivas

Abstract

CONDITION FOR PUBLICATION OF PROJECT. The cultivation of Theobroma cacao faces major phytosanitary challenges due to fungal diseases such as frosty pod rot (Moniliophthora roreri), witches’ broom (Moniliophthora perniciosa), and black pod rot (Phytophthora spp). This project analyzes, through a systematic review, the potential of endophytic microorganisms—fungi, bacteria, and yeasts—as biocontrol agents for the sustainable management of these diseases. The hypothesis is that endophytes possess effective mechanisms to suppress pathogens, thereby reducing dependence on agrochemicals. Scientific articles published between 2008 and 2025 were collected and analyzed from specialized databases. The information was categorized according to the type of microorganism, target pathogen, mode of action, type of study, country or region of origin, and main findings. Results reveal that strains of Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. are particularly effective in inhibiting the growth of Moniliophthora roreri and Phytophthora spp. through antibiosis, mycoparasitism, and induction of systemic resistance. It is concluded that endophytic microorganisms represent a promising ecological strategy for the management of cacao diseases, with strong potential for integration into sustainable agriculture programs. Keywords: Biocontrol, endophytes, fungal diseases, agricultural sustainability, Theobroma cacao