Evaluación de hongos endófitos con potencial uso en la degradación de tintes industriales

Abstract

The textile industry generates large volumes of wastewater containing fats, oils, surfactants, and recalcitrant dyes, with discharge rates ranging from 80 to 200 m³ per tonne of product. Approximately 15–20% of the dyes used in this industry do not bind to the fibers. In Ecuador, 80% of textile industries do not employ wastewater treatment; therefore, this project aims to demonstrate the potential of fungal treatments to degrade dyes within the textile industry. Fungal isolates C156 and HM—provided by the fungal bank of the Center for Biotechnology Research of Ecuador (CIBE)—were evaluated for their potential to degrade the dyes Novacron Blue FN-R and Novacron Black WN over a 9-day period. The isolates were tested in both solid and liquid cultures using PDA, PDB, and MM media at a concentration of 300 ppm. Isolate C156 demonstrated the highest degradation effectiveness in solid PDA medium for both Novacron Blue FN-R and Novacron Black WN, as well as for the blue dye in mineral medium; in liquid PDB and MM media, isolate C156 achieved partial decolorization of the Novacron Blue FN-R dye.