Cuáles son los factores que influyen en el progreso de los países para alcanzar el objetivo de desarrollo sostenible número 13 sobre acción sobre el clima

Abstract

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 “climate action” focuses on climate resilience, with a particular focus on reducing CO₂ emissions, as its targets are intrinsically linked to this component. Given that international organizations have warned that climate change and its effects have an impact on the current and future global economy, it is important to pay attention to global warnings and recommendations regarding this phenomenon. In this study, a correlated random effects model was used to analyze the key variables associated with the fulfillment of SDG 13, using CO₂ emissions as a proxy indicator. Variables considered included GDP per capita, GINI index, sustainable policies, unemployment, energy intensity and nitrogen use. The results revealed that a 1% increase in GDP per capita is associated with an average increase of 0.311% in CO₂ emissions per capita, although this effect can be mitigated in countries with sound environmental policies. However, it is important to consider that these relationships are subject to the inherent limitations of the model used. Keywords: Sustainability, CO2, climate change, panel data.