Análisis de comportamiento de tortugas Galápagos Chelonoidis spp. en el centro de Crianza Fausto Llerena

Abstract

Animal behavior constitutes a fundamental tool for understanding species–environment interactions and evaluating adaptation to variable environmental conditions. In Galápagos giant tortoises (Chelonoidis spp.), ethological analyses under captive conditions are essential for optimizing management and repatriation strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in diurnal behavior among four giant tortoise species (Chelonoidis darwini, C. niger, C. hoodensis, and C. donfaustoi) housed at the Fausto Llerena Breeding Center, considering the influence of environmental variables. It was hypothesized that behavioral patterns differ among species and reflect conductual responses associated with the insular origin of each taxon, modulated by the environmental conditions present in the enclosures. The study was conducted through direct observation to assess differences in diurnal behavior, including locomotion, resting, feeding, refuge use, and substrate selection within sectorized enclosures. Environmental variables such as temperature, climatic condition, exposure to direct sunlight, and substrate type were recorded. Behaviors were grouped into functional categories and analyzed using descriptive statistical tools and regression models. Based on a total of 4,466 behavioral records, a significant association between ambient temperature and functional behavioral categories was detected. The probability of locomotion increased at intermediate thermal ranges, whereas resting/inactivity predominated at higher temperatures. Regarding exposure to direct sunlight, logistic regression indicated that within the thermal range of 24.0–24.9 °C, the probability of exposure was approximately 6.7 times higher than in the reference range (OR = 6.66), progressively decreasing at higher temperatures, evidencing an active selection of shaded microhabitats. In conclusion, behavior expressed under captive conditions integrates biological instincts and environmental responses, representing a valuable tool to guide management and repatriation strategies.