Desarrollo e implementación de un sistema de monitorización del ritmo cardíaco mediante fotopletismografía para la detección temprana de arritmias en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares

Abstract

CONDITIONING OF PROJECT PUBLICATION. main objective of this project is to implement a heart rate monitoring system based on photoplethysmography (PPG), which enables the detection of cardiac arrhythmias in individuals with heart conditions. Heart rate is one of the most important and frequently monitored vital signs, as it indicates a patient's current health status, especially if those who already suffer from cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this project aims to implement a monitoring system that is low-cost, easy to use, portable, accessible, and suitable for use in hard-to-reach areas. The system was developed in two parts: the MAX3012 sensor and the ESP32 board were used for hardware, and the Arduino IDE was used for data processing, and the Blynk platform was utilized to visualize data in real-time. Functinality tests of the system were carried out with the assistance 10 patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Heart rate measurements were taken at rest and at multiple times throughout the day. These readings were then compared against those from a GLOBUS YM201 pulse oximeter, a device compliant with the ISO 80601-2-61 standard, to ensure that the data obtained from our system met accepted standards for accuracy and safety. The results showed a minimum deviation of 1.3 BPM, which is within the acceptable range for Class II medical devices. The system demonstrated stable data transmission and received positive feedback from users. It is concluded that the developed monitoring system fulfills the proposed objectives and represents a useful tool for basic cardiac monitoring. However, clinical validation remains necessary, as emphasized by medical professionals, and represents the next crucial step in the system’s development. Keywords: Photoplethysmography, Monitoring, Heart Rate, Arrhythmia, Portable.