Desarrollo de un modelo teórico para la optimización y recuperación mejorada de Petróleo mediante Bacterias para yacimientos de la Región Amazónica del Ecuador

Abstract

This thesis project developed a theoretical analytical model to simulate and evaluate the efficiency of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) in a typical reservoir of the Oriente Basin of Ecuador. This biological technology is proposed as a sustainable alternative for mature Ecuadorian fields, where conventional EOR techniques face logistical and economic limitations. The model, implemented in MRST (MatLab), integrated bacterial growth kinetics (Monod/Arrhenius) to simulate the two most influential recovery mechanisms: viscosity reduction through biosurfactant production and gas generation (CO₂). The comparative performance of five representative bacteria was evaluated. The results demonstrate the technical viability of MEOR, identifying Geobacillus spp. as the most efficient due to its synergy of high CO₂ production and strong viscosity reduction. In contrast, Desulfovibrio spp. showed the lowest performance and poses risks due to H₂S generation. The study lays the scientific basis for the design of future field pilots adapted to the geological conditions of the Ecuadorian Amazon. In this case, data for 600 days was used, obtaining a 40% recovery in the theoretical simulation. In conclusion, oil production can be improved through many means. Of course, the economic, political, and cultural aspects must be considered to carry out this process, which can benefit not only Ecuador but the entire world. Keywords: Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR), Theoretical Model, Amazonian Deposits, Oil, Microorganisms, Biosurfactants, Oriente Basin.