Diseño de un sistema fotovoltaico integrado para vehículos eléctricos que mejore la autonomía en flotas

Abstract

CONDITION FOR PUBLICATION OF PROJECT. This thesis project addresses the issue of limited range in the electric vehicle fleet of a nationally recognized telecommunications company, which operates under a schedule of two consecutive work shifts, 16 hours per day. Currently, the units return from the first shift with a critical charge level approximately 20%, preventing their immediate reassignment to the second shift compared to combustion vehicles. To solve this, a comprehensive range extension system was developed, divided into hardware and software. On the physical side, an array of two 600W solar panels was implemented, coupled to a secondary battery bank and Growatt inverters, designed to recharge the main bank using the original charging system, preserving the vehicle's integrity. Complementarily, an energy simulator integrated into an Artificial Intelligence assistant with a chatbot interface was developed. This tool uses geolocation APIs, vehicle technical data, and historical solar irradiance records to generate efficient routes, recommending maximum speeds per segment and predicting the State of Charge (SoC) upon arrival. The system validation was performed using a physical prototype, whose results were contrasted with the simulator's predictions to verify the model's accuracy and ensure the operational viability of the fleet during the double shift. This project seeks to create an implementation model replicable to any vehicle, in addition to offering commitment to SDGs 7 and 9, promoting access to affordable, secure, and sustainable energy while fostering innovation and inclusive industrialization. Keywords: Electric vehicles, range extension, photovoltaic solar energy, energy simulation, artificial intelligence, logistics efficiency