Terrazas verdes urbanas como medida de mitigación para la reducción de las islas de calor en Guayaquil

Abstract

Globally, human activities such as urban expansion cause temperature changes and environmental deterioration in ecosystems, contributing to climate change (CC). The rapid growth of cities such as Guayaquil, the increase in buildings and their construction elements generate a warmer pattern in the surrounding area, exacerbating the average temperature in the city, a phenomenon known as urban heat islands (UHI); these islands significantly affect the quality of life of the inhabitants. This thesis proposes a practical methodology that analyzes the implementation of urban green terraces, their effectiveness, and application in three buildings in downtown Guayaquil. As a first step, the loads on the three buildings (weight in kg) are determined using SAP2000 (Structural Analysis Program) software. Climate Consultant 6.0 software is used to examine the site's climate graphs and determine thermal comfort conditions using the Givoni diagram. At the same time, Revit Con Autodesk Forma software generates heat maps for days with extreme temperatures. Subsequently, the design of the modular pot prototype is carried out in AutoCAD software for spatial planning and 2D modeling. At the same time, urban agriculture criteria are used that contemplate the use of vegetation cover with the species Arachis pintoi for CO2 capture, which will be measured using the Albari formula. The green terrace prototypes designed for the La Previsora, Torres la Merced, and Torres del Río buildings present a viable solution with high potential for mitigating the effects of urban heat islands (UHI). As a result of the design and creation of vegetation-based prototypes, it was possible to determine the potential annual capture of 4.57 tCO2 for La Previsora, 2.96 tCO2 for Torre la Merced, and 4.47 tCO2 for Torres del Río. Keywords: Temperature, urban heat islands, climate change, carbon dioxide, green terraces, microclimate