Control de frecuencia mediante inercia sintética en sistemas de energía renovable para microrredes

Abstract

CONDITIONING OF PROJECT PUBLICATION. control in microgrids with high penetration of renewable energy sources is addressed through the implementation of synthetic inertia in battery energy storage systems (BESS). Since photovoltaic and wind plants are connected to the grid through converters, they do not provide the natural inertia of synchronous generators, creating the need to compensate for this deficiency with control strategies that enhance system stability. The methodology was carried out using DIgSILENT PowerFactory, where control models were programmed in DSL. Droop algorithms with deadband were applied, first tested in a reduced system and later in the IEEE 9-bus system with integrated renewable resources and storage. The results showed that activating synthetic inertia reduced the rate of change of frequency and improved the nadir. In the isolated system, the minimum frequency increased from 59.3 Hz to 59.69 Hz, while in the 9-bus system recovery time decreased from 14.74 to 10.88 seconds due to inertial support. In addition, the BESS converter reached peaks of up to 3.5 MW and was able to mitigate disturbances. For renewable plants, although the impact on active power was limited, a positive contribution was observed in transient stability and voltage quality. These findings confirm synthetic inertia as a reliable alternative to sustain frequency in modern microgrids, making it advisable to validate its application in pilot projects and to promote guidelines that facilitate its implementation in real operating environments. . Keywords: Battery energy storage, Control of frequency, Microgrids, Renewable energy, Virtual inertia.