Diseño del sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo bajo la norma ISO 45001:2018 para un taller electromecánico en Guayaquil

Abstract

This project aims to design an Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) based on ISO 45001:2018 for an artisanal electromechanical workshop in Guayaquil with 16 workers and activities classified as high risk. The methodology was structured into four phases: initial compliance diagnosis through an internal audit based on ISO 45001 (36 items), hazard identification and risk assessment using the Colombian Technical Guide GTC 45, design of the OHSMS documentary framework, and pilot validation of operational control in 450 kW motor lifting maneuvers (15 events). The results showed an overall compliance of 44.78%, with critical gaps in operation (35.7%), performance evaluation (20.0%), and improvement (16.7%). The pilot validation achieved average compliance of 81.50% in pre-use inspections and 88.67% in area delimitation, evidencing that the main gaps relate to the environment and operational discipline. It was identified that the workshop possessed a fixed lifting structure valued at USD 15,000.00 as a technical foundation and recurring safety expenditures of USD 3,970.20. The additional investment required for the design implementation amounts to USD 15,605.00, which represents 3.9% of the avoidable costs associated with sanctions for non-compliance with Ministerial Agreement MDT-2024-196 and a severe accident in lifting operations (estimated between USD 250,000 and USD 350,000). It is concluded that the design is technically feasible, economically sustainable, and allows for the formalization of preventive management in sector micro-enterprises without compromising productivity. Keywords: Occupational Health and Safety Management; ISO 45001:2018; GTC 45; Motor lifting; Sling selection; Electromechanical workshop.