Evaluación de las condiciones ergonómicas laborales y su impacto en los agricultores de la asociación Sembrando Futuro, parroquia Los Andes

Abstract

Agriculture is a sector where ergonomic risks are frequently present, especially in rural settings where preventive management is still limited. In these environments, manual sowing requires workers to bend repeatedly, use their hands continuously, and maintain non-neutral postures for long periods. These working conditions may gradually increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to analyze the biomechanical ergonomic risks associated with manual sowing activities carried out in the “Sembrando Futuro” Association. The research was developed to provide technical evidence that can support preventive actions and strengthen occupational health practices at the local level. A descriptive study with a quantitative approach was conducted. The evaluation focused on a representative worker during task performance. ISO/TR 12295 was used as an initial screening reference to identify ergonomic risk factors. The OWAS method was applied to assess forced body postures. Repetitive movements of the upper limbs were evaluated using the Repetitive Tasks module of the Ergo/IBV software. Additionally, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to identify reported musculoskeletal symptoms. The results showed 100% exposure to forced postures and 71.43% exposure to repetitive movements. Hand activity reached up to 109 repetitions per minute. Non-neutral postures were maintained for significant periods during the task. The risk levels obtained indicate the need for corrective measures, some of which require immediate attention. In conclusion, manual sowing represents a task with high biomechanical demand. Therefore, implementing an ergonomic preventive plan is necessary to reduce cumulative exposure and protect workers’ health over time. Keyword: Musculoskeletal disorders, methods, ergonomics, biomechanical risk