Mejora de dispositivo de IoT para medir la temperatura del medio ambiente y la contaminación del aire según su ubicación y entorno

Abstract

The city of Guayaquil faces constant problems related to air pollution and temperature variation in urban areas with a large population, affecting the health of its inhabitants due to exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), CO2 and nitrogen oxides. These effects, aggravated by the lack of a real-time monitoring system, make it difficult to implement an effective solution. This project aims to improve an IoT device to measure air quality in real time, storing the collected data in Firebase and displaying it on a web platform. The justification of the project is based on the need for a technological device that allows identifying critical areas of air pollution and promoting a sustainable environmental solution. In the development of the project, advanced sensors were used, such as the MQ135 and PMS5003, integrated into an ESP32 microcontroller. Field tests were carried out on various routes in the city, evaluating the accuracy of the sensors and the transmission of data in varied weather and traffic conditions. This allowed the system’s functionality to be validated for measuring environmental parameters in real time. The document is organized into chapters that structure the development of the project. Chapter 1 addresses the problem, objectives, justification and theoretical framework, highlighting the relevance of the proposal. Chapter 2 details the methodology, describing the components used, the integration of hardware and software, and the tests performed. Chapter 3 analyzes the results obtained, highlighting the effectiveness of the IoT device. Chapter 4 presents the conclusions and recommendations, along with possible future lines of research to expand the scope of the project. Keywords: Pollution, IoT, Firebase, Flutter, Air Quality.